barker



J. P. BARKER.

lNTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9. 1916.

3. 39,535 1 Q: Patented July 8, 1919.

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J. P. BARKERv NTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 9.1916.

Patented July 8, 1919.

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rinrrnn srnrns PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN P. BARKER, OF TROPICO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR, BY MESN'E ASSIGNMENTS,TO CAL F. HUNTER, 0F LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 8, 1919.

Application filed September 9, 1916. Serial No. 119,217.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN P. BARKER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Tropico. in the county of Los Angeles and State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements inInternal-Con'ibustion Motors, of which the following is i specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion motors and moreparticularly to internal combustion motors in a cylinder of which acharge is initially compressed prior to the transfer of said charge toanother portion of the cylinder for combustion to produce working strokeof a piston with which the cylinder is provided. The invention has forits object to provide an improved motor of the general nature stated inwhich high thermal etliciency and mechanical simplicity are combined andwhich will operate at relatively high speeds. The invention isparticularly applicable to motors operating on the two-stroke cycle andin which the forward portion of the cylinder is used as an initialcompression space or part of an initial compression space to which thecharge is admitted prior to compression and transfer of the same to thecombustion chamber at the other end of the cylinder. In such motors asordinarily constructed high initial compression and rapid chargetransfer cannot ordinarily he combined in a motor having an pen endedpiston without elaborate and sometimes complicated pumping or chargedisplacement. appurtenances.

In accordance with the present invention, an open-ended and consequentlynon-water cooled piston may be employed in reasonably largeinstallments, as a charge is first inducted into the forward end of acylinder and into the interior of a hollow piston as such piston ismoved toward its cylinder head, a charge displacement element beingprovided at the forward end of said cylinder and supported in thecylinder in such manner that the piston in its reciprocation will coverand uncover the same thereby producing a pumping action. As a pistonmoves in a direction to cover the charge displacement element suchcharge of gaseous fuel mixture as was in the previous stroke inductedinto the interior of the piston will be driven therefrom andtransferred, prefer-- ably to an initial compression space pro-- videdin the wall of the cylinder where the charge will be in readiness toenter the coinbustion end of the cylinder upon completion of the workingpiston stroke, an inlet port being provided in the cylinder wall for theadmission of such initially compressed charge, an exhaust port havingbeen previously uncovered by the piston to permit the escape of theproducts of combustion formed by the firing of the preceding charge. Thecylinder wall at the forward portion of the cylinder is preferablyprovided with an uncontrolled port establishing communication betweenthe interior of the cylinder forwardly of the piston therein and theaforementioned initial con'ipression space. and said initial compressionspace may be connected directly with the intake pipe or duct of themotor, which intake pipe may lead from any suitable source of gaseousfuel supply. A check valve. not shown may be provided to seal off theintake pipe and the same may serve as a compression wall of the initialcompression space as in the internal combustion motor disclosed andclaimed by me in another application for S. patent. executed August 19,1916. Serial No. 117,268. The charge displacement element and otherfeatures herein disclosed are likewise disclosed in said otherapplication. The charge displacement element preferably fills the majorportion of the initial compression space when the piston is at the limitof its travel on the out stroke, and provision may be made as byslotting the charge displacement element for the reciprocation of aconnecting rod or piston rod therethrough. The induction of successivecharges of incoming gaseous fuel, or constituents thereof, into thepiston greatly lowers the ten'iperature of the same and the heat derivedfrom the piston walls by the fuel is so prevented from escaping throughthe water jacket or other cylinder cooling means and is converted intouseful work instead of being dissipated, as internal combustion motorsare essentially heat eugines, and such portion of the total heat energyof the fuel as is dissipated through the cooling medium is usuallytotally lost;

furtherwore, the piston being thus internal cooled, more etfectiv.lubrication may be maintaincn as between the cylinder wall and thepiston.

A further object of the invention is to provide an internal combustionmotor which will be relatively simple and inexpensive in constructionand organization when its features of superiority, such as, extremelight weight combined with high power, torque, and fuel economy areconsidered.

Vfith the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in thenovel and useful pro 'ision, formation, combination, association andinter-relation of parts, members and features, all as hereinafterdescribed, shown in the drawings and finally pointed out in claim.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a central, vertical, sectional, longitudinal view of aninternal combustion motor cylinder and piston showing a chargedisplacement element therein;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line fG Fig. 1, andlooking in the direction of the appended arrows; and

Fig. 3 is a view similar to 1 and at right angles thereto, the pistonbeing shown at the limit of its travel toward the cylinder head.

Corresponding parts in all the figures are designated by the samereference characters.

Referring with particularity to the drawings in the embodiment of theinvention therein shown A designates the cylinder of an internalcombustion motor, B designates a piston therein C designates a chargedisplacement element, D designates means for securing said chargedisplacement element in position in the forward portion of the cylinder21, E designates a piston rod, and F designates piston rod packing.

The cylinder A preferably comprises a cylindrical body portion 4 closedat one end by head 5 and secured to other motor features such as thecrank case 6 at its other end whereby in effect two cylinder heads areprovided. A pocket 1 is provided at the forward portion of the cylinderA the same being in communication with the interior thereof through anuncontrolled port al provided in the cylinder wall near the crank case6, and through an intake port or ports 1 provided for communication ofthe pocket with the cylinder combustion space, namely, the space betweenthe piston head and the cylinder head 5. An exhaust port 4 is, orexhaust ports are, provided in the cylinder wall opposite the intakeport or ports 4. A water jacket 7 may surround portions of the cylinderand the interior of said water jacket may communicate with interiorportions of the cylinder head 5 as through suitable ducts 8. However,any other preferred method of keeping the cylinder temperature loweredmay be employed, such as, for instance, air cooling.

Said piston B comprises a cylindrical portion 9 closed at its one end asat 10 to form a piston head, and open at its other end to permit movingthe same over the charge displacement element C. The piston head 10 isprovided with a semi-circular deflector 11 adapted to guide incominggaseous charges toward the cylinder head 5 when the intake port or portsare uncovered by the piston thereby driving out the products ofcombustion from the previous charge through the exhaust port or ports inthe cylinder wall which were uncovered by the piston just prior to theuncovering of the inlet port or ports, as the exhaust ports arepreferably slightly longer longitudinally of the c -.*lin der than theinlet port or ports. Connection is made between the piston B andsuitable means for converting piston movement into rotary motion bymeans of the piston rod E which passes through the charge displacementelement 0 and the wall 6 of the crank case, being sealed against leakageof initially compressed charge by means of the packing F which may bedisposed in a suitable space provided in the wall 6 of the crank case.The piston is preferably secured to the connecting rod E by means of ascrew 12 which passes through the piston head 10 and into a boss13provided at the end of the piston rod. A suitable space is provided inthe charge displacement element for the reception of the boss 13 as at1%.

The charge displacement element C is shown as a hollow cylindrical body15 closed at its ends as at 16 and 17 and provided with a longitudinallyranging slot 18 extending far enough into the body to accommodate theconnecting rod E, which is preferably formed to nearly fill the slot 18,the walls of the cylindrical body 15 being throughout imperforate sothat charge being compressed cannot enter the hollow interior of thebody. The charge displacement element is of such proportions that whenthe piston B is in the forward end of the cylinder, nearly all of thespace provided interiorly of the piston is filled by the chargedisplacement element, thus resulting in the occupation of the pocket eof the initial compression space by the charge, the same having beentransferred from the interior of the cylinder and piston to such pocket4- from whence it may escape through the inlet port or ports to thecombustion space behind the piston.

The means D for securing the charge displacement element in position forco-action with the piston in compressing action may comprise a pluralityof screws or the like 19 threaded through the crank case wall 6 and intothe charge displacement elementto hold the same snugly against the wall6 forming the initial compression cylinder head. The charge displacementelement is provided with suitable internalbosses 20' into-which thescrews 19 extend.

The operation, method of use and advantages of the invention will bereadily understood from the fore oing description taken in connectionwith th ings and the"following statement:

Upon movement of the piston toward its cylinder head a charge of gaseousfuel is drawn into the forward portion of the cylinder and into thepiston through the intake pipe leading to the cylinder and through theinitial compression space, such charge passing through the narrowannular interspace provided between the piston and the chargedisplacement element to fill the pis ton asit recedes from its positionover the charge displacement element the charge in the meantime beingthoroughly mixed, agitated and ground, such grinding action tearingapart or comminuting any particles of liquid fuel which may be insuspension in the air of the incoming charge and said charge ofnecessity coming in contact with the inner walls of the piston will beheated, the charge being further benefitted by such heating and thepiston temperature being correspondingly lowered. On the stroke of thepiston away from its cylinder head the charge just inducted into theinterior of the piston will be expelled therefrom, returning along thepath provided by the narrow annular interspace between the pis ton andthe charge displacement element with consequent further mixing andbeneficial warming, and upon completion of the piston on this, its outstroke, the major portion of the charge will have been transferred tothe pocket formed at the cylinder wall and externally thereof and be inreadiness to enter the combustion space behind the piston when theintake port is uncovered by the piston. It will be understood that thistransferring of the charge actually begins slightly in advance of thecompletion of the piston stroke, the piston finally displacing slightremaining portions of the charge from the cylinder after it has startedto uncover the intake port. lVith the major portion of the interiorpiston space filled by the charge displacement element high compressionmay be obtained in the pocket, the degree of such compression dependingentirely upon the capacity of the pocket or initial. compression space.The charge admission to the combustion space, as before stated, isslightly later in the cycle of operations than the opening of theexhaust port, due to piston travel, though such exhaust port remainsopen during the entire period of opening of the intake port, and due tothis arrangement of ports, the pressure of the expanded gases, due tocombustion, is

e accompanying drawfirst relieved through the exhaust port, in caseswhere the pressure is greater than atmospheric, as in case of a fullthrottle opening, and the incoming charge has only to displace remainingproducts of combustion which cannot be above atmospheric pressure. Thedeflection of the incoming charge toward the cylinder head at the deflector 11 and the manner in which said incoming charge displacesremaining products of combustion will be well understood by thoseskilled in the art to which this invention appertains. Upon the returnof the piston toward its cylinder head the intake and exhaust ports willbe closed and the entrapped charge in the compression space orcombustion space is compressed to the desired volume and pressure by thepiston, which will be moved toward its cylinder head through theconnecting rod and its connection with the other features of the motoras will be readily understood. At the proper point of piston travel inits stroke toward the cylinder head or in some cases slightly after ithas reached the limit of its travel toward the cylinder head, ignitionof the charge may take place through suitable ignition devices such asthe electric spark plug, not shown, and the resultant combustion orexplosion of the charge will again drive the piston to its position overthe charge displacement element, displacing the charge inducted into theforward portion of the cylinder during the work of compression of thecharge just fired, and such displaced charge will be in readiness in thepocket a to replace the products of combustion behind the piston. Duringthe working stroke of the piston the rotary element of the motor, orother device to be actuated by the piston, will be actuated throughsuitable connecting devices co-acting with the piston rod E.

-Having thus disclosed my invention, I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent:

In an internal combustion motor, a cylinder having an initialcompression space in one end thereof and a final compression space inthe other end thereof, and also having an intake port leading from saidinitial compression space to said final compression space, a hollowpiston mounted in said cylinder and controlling said intake port, aclosure for the end of the cylinder provided with the initialcompression space, a substantially cylindrical hollow chargedisplacement element having closed ends and detachably secured at one ofits ends to the closure for the cylinder, the sides of the displacementelement being spaced from the walls of the cylinder to receive the sidesof the piston and the displacement element being formed with alongitudinal slot extending through the same from end to end and openinglaterally through one side thereof, and In testimony whereof, I havesigned my a piston rod extending through the slot and name to thisspecification in the presence of cylinder closure and connected to thepistwo subscribing Witnesses.

ton, said piston rod being adapted to be JOHN P. BARKER. insertedlaterally into position through the Witnesses:

slot from one side of the displacement ele- ALFRED H. DAEHLER,

nient. FRANCIS L. ISGRIGG,

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

